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(RINGKASAN SEJARAH) PERJUANGAN RASULULLAH SAW DI MEKAH

(RINGKASAN SEJARAH) PERJUANGAN RASULULLAH SAW DI MEKAH



Ketika Nabi Muhammad SAW menerima wahyu pertama yaitu ayat 1-5 surah Al-‘Alaq pada tanggal 17 Ramadan, sejak itu diangkat mennjadi nabi. Ketika ia menerima ayat 1-7 surah Al-Muddasir, ia pun diangkat menjadi rosul. Setellah itu, wahyu terputus. Nabi Muhammad SAW merasa gelisah dan bertanya-tanya, apa yang harus disampaikan, bagaimana menyampaikannya, dan kepada siapa disampaikan? Dalam kegelisahannya, turunlah surah Ad-Duha.
Pada awalnya Nabi Muhammad SAW berdakwah secara rahasiadan hanya mengajak orang-orang terdekat saja. Orang pertama yang menerima dakwah Nabi adalah Khadijah, istrinya, kemudian Ali bin Abi Thalib. Sementara itu, laki-laki dewasa yang pertama memeluk islam adalah Abu Bakar biin Quhafah. Melalui ajakan Abu Bakar, beberapa orang menerima ajakannya, yaitu Usman bin ‘Affan, Abdur Rohman bin ‘Auf,Talhab bin Ubaidillah, Sa’ad bin Abi Waqqas, Zubair bin Awwam. Setelah itu, Abu ‘Ubaidah bin Jarrah dan beberapa penduduk Mekkah turutpula menyatukan keislamannya dan menerima ajaran yang dibawa oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kegiatan dakwah secara rahasia ini berlangsung selama 3 tahun.
Setelah perintah Allah SWT turun melalui surah Asy-Su’ara/26:214-216 dan surah Al-Hijr/15:94, Nabi Muhammad SAW pun melakukan dakwah secara terang-terangan (terbuka). Nabi Muhammad SAW mengumpulkan keluarganya di rumahnya. Setelah selesai makan, ia pun menyampaikan maksudnya. Tiba-tiba Abu Jahal menghentikan pembiaraan Nabi dan mengajak orang-orang untuk meninggalkan tempat. Keesokan harinya, Nabi kembali mengundang keluarganya. Setelah makan, Nabi pun menyampaikan maksudnya dan kembali Abu Jahal mengacaukan suasana dan mereka yang hadir pun tertawa. Dalam keadaan riuh itu, Ali bin Abi Thalib dan bertanya, “Wahai Rosulullah! Saya akan membantu Anda, saya adalah lawan bagi siapa saja yang menentangmu.”
Gagal mengajak kerabatnya, Nabi pun mengalihkan dakwahnya kepada masyarakat quraisy ia naik ke bukit Safa’ dan menyeru manusia. Orang-orang pun berkumpul dan Nabi Muhammad SAW pun menyampaikan dakwahnya. Tiba-tiba Abu Jahal beteriak, “Celakalah engkau, hai Muhammad SAW. Apakah karena ini engkau mengumpulkan kami?” Nabi Muhammad SAW hanya terdiam sambil memandangi pamannya. Sesaat kemudian turunlah surah Al-Lahab.
Dakwah Nabi mendapatkan tantangan dan perlawanan dari Quraisy. Nabi Muhammad dan sahabat-sahabatnya diejek, dicaci, dan disiksa. Tidak cukup sampai disitu, mereka juga membujuk Nabi dan menawarkan kekayaan, kehormatan, dan jabatan. Setelah ejekan, siksaan, dan ancaman tidak dapat mencegah Nabi, orang-orang Quraisy memboikot Nabi dan sahabat-sahabatnya. Untuk menghindari siksaan, Nabi memerintahkan sahabatnya hijrah ke Abisinia.
Setelah orang-orang Quraisy tidak mau menerima dakwah Nabi, ia pun mengalihkan dakwahnya kepada kabilah-kabilah Arab diluar Quraisy. Nabi mencoba mengajak orang-orang Taif, namun ia ditolak, bahkan diejek, diusir, dan dilempari. Nabi tidak berputus asa. Ia terus menyampaikan dakwahnya kepada kabilah-kabilah Arab yang dating berziarah ke Mekkah setiap tahunnya. Dakwah Nabi mendapat sambutan orang-orang Madinah dan Nabi Nabi pun mengadakan perjanjian Aqabah (pertama dan kedua). Setelah perjanjian Aqabah kedua, Nabi pun berhijrah ke Madinah.

Dakwah Nabi di Mekkah berlangsung selama 13 tahun. Selama itu Nabi menanamkan nilai-nilai tauhid dan mengajarkan akhlaq-akhlaq mulia. Nilai-nilai ketauhidan ini membuat Nabi membuat Nabi dan sahabat-sahabatnya tangguh menghadapi berbagai kesulitan dan rintangan serta tetap bersemangat menyampaikan kebenaran.

semoga bermanfaat bagi para pembaca :)

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